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OBJECTIVE：To e stablish the method for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of active components in Tibetan medicine Siwei jianghuang prescription ，and to optimize its decoction technology. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. Using soaking time ，the amount of added water ，decoction time and decoction times as factors ，comprehensive score of the contents of 10 kinds of components and solid extracts rate as response values ，one the basis of single factor test ，Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize its decoction technology. RESULTS ：The linear range of gallic acid ，corilagin，magnoflorine， ellagic acid ， hydrochloric jatrorrhizine ， hydrochloride palmatine ， hydrochloride berberine ， bisdemethoxycurcumin， demethoxycurcumin and curcumin were 0.280 6-1.683 6，0.289 6-1.737 6，0.320 8-1.924 8，0.116 0-0.696 0，0.018 9-0.113 5， 0.013 3-0.079 9，0.092 3-0.553 8，0.025 5-0.153 0，0.036 1-0.216 3，0.041 0-0.245 7 µg（all r were 0.999 9），respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.28，14.48，3.21，11.60，1.89，4.44，0.46，0.26，0.36，0.41 ng，respectively. The limits of detection were 0.11，4.14，1.24，3.32，0.58，1.33，0.13，0.09，0.14，0.12 ng，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3％. The recoveries were 92.56％-103.69％（RSDs were 0.90％-3.81％，n＝6）. The optimal decoction technology included soaking 60 min，adding 8-fold（mL/g）water，decoction for twice ，lasting for 65 min each time. In 6 validation tests ，comprehensive scores were 3.323 2-3.422 4，and the absolute value of the relative error with the predicted value （3.437 4）was less than 2％.CONCLUSIONS：Established method is simple and repeatable ，and can be used for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of active components in Siwei jianghuang prescription. Optimized decoction technology is stable and feasible.
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OBJECTIVE： To make a textual research on the normal name， synonym and Chinese translation name aiming at the phenomenon of more than one name of Tibetan medicine “Riguan”， and to determine the standard name suitable for standardization and popularization. METHODS： The representative classical Tibetan medicine books from the 7th to the 21st century were studied. The names of “Riguan” in various books and their occurrence frequency， naming basis and succession were sorted out， and the standard names of “Riguan” in Tibetan and Chinese were screened for easy understanding and popularization. RESULTS： According to the 17 representative Tibetan medicine classics books and 6 Chinese version Tibetan medicine books， “Riguan” had 19 Tibetan names. Among them， the most frequently recorded name was “Zimagangjiu”， which had been recorded in 11 books. Secondly， “Riguan” and “Puronggang” were recorded in 8 books respectively， and “Riguanzima” was recorded in 7 books. Naming basis could be summarized into four categories， i.e. simple naming （such as “Riguan”）， emphasizing morphological characteristics （such as “Zimagangjiu”）， emphasizing medicinal properties （such as “Daweitou”）， simple naming+emphasizing morphological characteristics （such as “Riguanzima”）. “Zimagangjiu” “Riguan” and “Riguanzima” were used as normal names in the 7th to 8th century， 8th to 19th century and 19th to 21st century respectively. Among them， “Riguanzima” was first recorded in the official book Tibetan Medicine Subvolume of Chinese Medical Encyclopedia as a formal name， which symbolized the milestone of the development of Tibetan medicine in the new era of our country. CONCLUSIONS： According to the naming basis and current application situation， it is suggested that “Riguanzima” can be used as the Tibetan and Chinese standard name of Tibetan medicine “Riguan” to promote and standardize its application.
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Aim To explore whether total flavonoids of Verbena officinalis L(TFV)can induce apoptosis of HepG-2 cells through targeting topoisomerase Ⅱ.Methods HepG-2 cells were cultured with TFV at 200,100,50 mg·L-1.Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL-DAPI double staining.TopⅡ activity was detected by supercoiled pBR322 DNA relaxation assay.The levels of the mRNA of TOP Ⅱα,TOP Ⅱβ were analyzed by real time PCR.Expression of Bcl-2,Bax,TOP Ⅱα,TOP Ⅱβ and caspase-3 was analyzed by Western blot.
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Objective To explore the correlations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy. Methods A total of 168 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) in the Second People's Hospital of Xining City were selected from January 2013 to December 2015, and were divided into the DM group (48 cases), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group (66 cases) and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group (54 cases). A total of 104 healthy subjects were selected as the control group (NC group). The VEGF and PON1 gene polymorphisms were detected by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of all subjects were detected by using UV spectrophotometer. Results Compared with the NC group, the systolic blood pressures and glycated hemoglobin levels in the DM group, NPDR group and PDR group were significantly increased,there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in diastolic blood pressure and levels of cholesterol,triglyceride, high density lipoprotein among these groups (P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure between PDR group and NPDR group (P< 0. 05), while no statistically significant difference was found in diastolic blood pressure and levels of cholesterol, triglyceride,high density lipoprotein and glycated hemoglobin between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence rate of DR in the patients with CC,CT and TT genotype was 71.05%, 56.27 % and 38.64 %, respectively. The incidence rate of DR in the patients with CCgenotype was significantly higher than that in the patients with CT or TT genotype (P< 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in SOD and MDA levels of healthy subjects with different PON1 192 genotypes (P>0.05). The SOD level of DR patients with QQ genotype was lower than that of patients with QR or RR genotype,and the MDA level of DR patients with QQ genotype was higher than that of patients with QR or RR genotype,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of VEGF and PON1 genes could affect the development and progression of DR. PON1 gene might control the progression of DR by affecting the expression of oxidative kinase in DR patients.
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[Objective To explore the effect of problem-based learning(PBL) in biochemistry teaching in medical college. Methods Totally 128 students(2011 grade) of medical laboratory major were derived into experiment group(n=64)and control group(n=64). Lecture-based learning(LBL) was used in control group and PBL was used in experiment group.In control group,teachers did teaching design according to the needs of curriculum standards,employed multimedia courseware,explained the basic content of each chapter,class exercises and homework after class. In experimental group,PBL was conducted through establishing biochemistry teaching website based on school's teaching platform. Teach-ing process in experiment group included:grouping-selecting appropriate cases-consulting data-group discussing-summarizing by teachers. Theory test was carried out after the course and questionnaire was conducted for students in experiment group . Data were analyzed using the independent sample t test . Results Average test scores were higher in PBL group than in traditional group,with statistically signif-icant differences[(83.15±11.87)vs. (76.15±12.48)]. Questionnaire survey showed that more than 90.0%students in experiment group were interested in the PBL teaching method and thought that the PBL teach-ing method can enhance the enthu-siasm of learning, independent learning ability and comprehensive analysis ability. Conclusions PBL teaching method can improve the quality and the effect of biochemi-stry teaching and culture students' comprehensive ability. It is worthy of further study and popularization.
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There are thousands of medicinal formulas in the ancient Tibetan medical texts. Researching the composition rules of Tibetan medical formulas is a very important step in the study and practice of Tibetan medicine. In order to explore the composition rules of Tibetan medical formulas this article draws on the research methods utilized in related fields of traditional Chinese medicine adapted to the unique characteristics of Tibetan medicine. This is the first time the utilization of data mining methods has been proposed for the research of Tibetan medical formulas. It is believed that data mining techniques can aid researchers in discovering the composition rules of Tibetan medical formulas in accordance with Tibetan medical theory.
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Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Data Mining , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Tibetan Traditional , Plants, Medicinal , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective:To combine human anatomy preferably with Tibetan medical anatomy,thus,teaching quality and level of human anatomy has been improved.Method:To explain the major terms of Tibetan medical anatomy;combining with the Tibetan medical anatomy,to write the human anatomy teaching materials that fit the anatomy teaching of the Tibetan medical specialty to improve the teaching method;at the same time,to observe the teaching effects through the analyses of the questionnaire and exam results.Result:Shown as the investigation,those who think that the teaching materials have helped more to study human anatomy are taking 90.6%.After using this teaching material,people who think that those teaching materials has helped more tostudy Tisetan medical anatomy are taking 79.2%;Examination result analysis shows that,in two classes,before the teaching reform was implemented,students of above 80 marks were 12.5%,but after the teaching reform was implemented,those were 57.8%.Conclusion:The teaching material construction and teaching method reform brought into positive effects in the anatomy teaching quality improvement of the Tibetan medical specialty.